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CIRCLES MENU CIRCLES
 01.FACULTYSHIPS
      ASSOCIATION
      COLLEGE
      CORPORATE
      GOVERNMENT
      INSTITUTIONS
      PRECAUTIONS
      SCHOOLS
      SOCIETIES
      UNIVERSITIES    
      VIEWER'S VIEWS
      WISDOM  
 02. INNOVATION
      A. BIO-CHEMISTRY
      B. ENMALISP
      C. EXAMPLES
      D. MAIN CONCEPTS
      E. MATHEMATICS
      F.  CATALYST
      G. MUSIC
      H. COLOUR DISC
       I. ORGANIC
      J.  INORGANIC
      K. PHYSICS
      L. STUDIOUS
      M. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 03. MANAGEMENT 
       A. ARTILECT  
       B. BE HAPPY
       C. CONCEPTS
       D. DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY    
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEWS  
          MANAGEMENT
          PRODUCTIVITY

 04. MOTIVATION
      A. ARITHMETIC
      B. BESTPEDAL
      C. EPOCH MAKERS
      D. HANDICAPPED
      E. LEADS FOR
          SELF 
          SOCIAL
      F.SELFMOTIVATION
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCTIVE             G.SOCIAL
           MOTIVATN
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCIVE
     H. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 05.   MUSIC 
         A. ARABIAN
         B. COLOUR CDs
         C. DIATONIC
         D. EASTERN
         E. INNOVATION
         F. RAGAMS
         G. TEMPERED
         H. VIEWER VIEWS
         I.  WESTERN
    -------------------------- 
 05A. HEXOCTAL
         A. ADMIRATION
         B. ARABIC
         C. CODE SET
         D. DIATONIC
         E. ENGLISH
         F. GERMAN
         G. HINDI
         H. KARNATAK
         I . KARNATAK KB
        J. MELODY
        K. PRIMARY
            RAGAM
        L. PUSHTU
        M. SCOTTISH          
        N.  TEMPERED
        O. URUDU    
        P. VIEWER VIEWS
 06.NEWCONCEPTS 
      A. DEVELOPMENT
      B. PHYSICS
 07PUBLICATIONS    
      A. ARTICLES
          ECONOMICS
          PRODUCTIVITY
          MANPOWER
          MATERIALS
          RESOURCE
          R & D
          TRAINING
      B.BOOKS
      C. REPEC
      D. SSRN  
 08. QUOTATIONS
       A. WORDS
       B. PICTURES  
           ANIMALS
           BIOLOGY
           BIRDS
           BOTANICAL
           BUILDINGS
           FLOWERS
           FRUITS
           HISTORICAL
           INSTITUTIONS
           LANDSCAPES
           MONUMENTS 
           NATURE
           PLANTS
           TRANSPORT
           TREES
            SPORTS
            STARS 
       C. VIEWER'S VIEWS 
 09.SMART
       THOUGHTS 
       A. ALEXANDER
       B. ACHIEVEMENT
       C. ECONOMICS
       D. LION
       E. PHILOSOPHY
       F. SCIENCE
       G. TSUMANI
       H. UNIVERSE
       I. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
       A. ARTILECT        
       B. BUSH
       C. CONCEPTS
       D.  DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY          
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEW   
 11.SOFTWARE (SW)
       A. APPLICATION
       B. ARTILECT 
       C. BOOTING       
       D. CORPORATE
       E. DESIGNS
       F. HARDARE
       G. JOB SW
       H. OP.SYSTEM
       I. ORGANISATIONSW
      J. SW QUALITY
      K. SW UTILITY
      L. UTILITY SW
      M. VIEWER'S VIEW      
 12. STARS & SKY     
       A. ASTRONOMY
       B. CONSTELLATIONS
           INDIAN
           WESTERN
       C. ENMALISP
       D. GREEK ALFA
       E. MID NORTH
       F. NORTH NORTH
       G. STARS
            INDIAN
            WESTERN 
       H. SUN
       I. VIEWER'S VIEW
      J. ZODIAC
 13. VIEWR'S
      VIEWS
       ABOUT DRVSRS     
       DEVELOPMENT   
       COUNTRY
       FACULTY
       FEED BACK
       INNOVATION
       MANAGEMENT
       MOTIVATION
       MUSIC
       NAMES
       PRODUCTIVITY
       PROFESSION
       QUOTATIONS
       SOFTWARE
       STARS
       TOPICS 
       VIEWER'S VIEWS
       WEB CLASSES
 14. KEY-WORDS
        FAQ   A TO Z
       ANIMATIONS
       FLAGS
       HAPPY
       JOKES
       MELODIES
       QUOTATIONS
 15. DR.VSRS
       A. ABOUT 
       B. ACADEMIC
       C. ACHIEVEMENT
       D. ASSIGNMENTS
       E. ASSISTANCE
       E. BOOKS
       F. CDB, BARBADOS
       G. CFTC, LONDON
       H. CONTACT          
        I.  FAMILY TREE
       J.  HOME  
       K. INNOVATIONS
       L. ISO 90001:2000
       M. NOBEL 
       N. PRIME PAPERS
       O. QUALITYAUDITOR
       P. SITE MAP
       Q. SOCIAL WORK
       R. VIEWER'S VIEWS
       S. WORLD TRAVEL       
 16.  CLOSE  

SPECIALITY

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 ANIMATION OF HAPPINESS - CLICK
 JOKES MENU - CLICK    LAUGH
 MATTER SMART - CLICK
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 QUOTATIONS - CLICK
RECIPES

FEATURES

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 A.  ASSISTANCE
 B.   BOOKS
 F.   
 H.  HELP (FAQ)
  L.    LATEST SITE
  S.  SITE MAP

 ENTERTAINERS

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Web-Site DESIGNED & MAINTAINED BY Intellectual Consultants.®

ON THE WEB FROM AUGUST 01, 2001

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CIRCLES MENU CIRCLES
 01.FACULTYSHIPS
      ASSOCIATION
      COLLEGE
      CORPORATE
      GOVERNMENT
      INSTITUTIONS
      PRECAUTIONS
      SCHOOLS
      SOCIETIES
      UNIVERSITIES    
      VIEWER'S VIEWS
      WISDOM  
 02. INNOVATION
      A. BIO-CHEMISTRY
      B. ENMALISP
      C. EXAMPLES
      D. MAIN CONCEPTS
      E. MATHEMATICS
      F.  CATALYST
      G. MUSIC
      H. COLOUR DISC
       I. ORGANIC
      J.  INORGANIC
      K. PHYSICS
      L. STUDIOUS
      M. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 03. MANAGEMENT 
       A. ARTILECT  
       B. BE HAPPY
       C. CONCEPTS
       D. DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY    
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEWS  
          MANAGEMENT
          PRODUCTIVITY

 04. MOTIVATION
      A. ARITHMETIC
      B. BESTPEDAL
      C. EPOCH MAKERS
      D. HANDICAPPED
      E. LEADS FOR
          SELF 
          SOCIAL
      F. SELFMOTIVATION
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCTIVE
      G. SOCIAL
          MOTIVATN
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCIVE
     H. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 05.   MUSIC 
         A. ARABIAN
         B. COLOUR CDs
         C. DIATONIC
         D. EASTERN
         E. INNOVATION
         F. RAGAMS
         G. TEMPERED
         H. VIEWER VIEWS
         I.  WESTERN
    -------------------------- 
 05A. HEXOCTAL
         A. ADMIRATION
         B. ARABIC
         C. CODE SET
         D. DIATONIC
         E. ENGLISH
         F. GERMAN
         G. HINDI
         H. KARNATAK
         I . KARNATAK KB
        J. MELODY
        K. PRIMARYRAGAM
        L. PUSHTU
        M. SCOTTISH          
        N.  TEMPERED
        O. URUDU    
        P. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 06.NEWCONCEPTS 
      A. DEVELOPMENT
      B. PHYSICS
 07.PUBLICATIONS    
      A. ARTICLES
          ECONOMICS
          PRODUCTIVITY
          MANPOWER
          MATERIALS
          RESOURCE
          R & D
          TRAINING
      B.BOOKS
      C. REPEC
      D. SSRN  
 08. QUOTATIONS
       A. WORDS
       B. PICTURES  
           ANIMALS
           BIOLOGY
           BIRDS
           BOTANICAL
           BUILDINGS
           FLOWERS
           FRUITS
           HISTORICAL
           INSTITUTIONS
           LANDSCAPES
           MONUMENTS 
           NATURE
           PLANTS
           TRANSPORT
           TREES
            SPORTS
            STARS 
       C. VIEWER'S VIEWS 
 09. SMART
        THOUGHTS 
       A. ALEXANDER
       B. ACHIEVEMENT
       C. ECONOMICS
       D. LION
       E. PHILOSOPHY
       F. SCIENCE
       G. TSUMANI
       H. UNIVERSE
       I. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
       A. ARTILECT        
       B. BUSH
       C. CONCEPTS
       D.  DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY          
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEW   
 11.SOFTWARE (SW)
       A. APPLICATION
       B. ARTILECT 
       C. BOOTING       
       D. CORPORATE
       E. DESIGNS
       F. HARDARE
       G. JOB SW
       H. OP.SYSTEM
       I. ORGANISATIONSW
      J. SW QUALITY
      K. SW UTILITY
      L. UTILITY SW
      M. VIEWER'S VIEW      
 12. STARS & SKY     
       A. ASTRONOMY
       B. CONSTELLATIONS
           INDIAN
           WESTERN
       C. ENMALISP
       D. GREEK ALFA
       E. MID NORTH
       F. NORTH NORTH
       G. STARS
            INDIAN
            WESTERN 
       H. SUN
       I. VIEWER'S VIEW
      J. ZODIAC
 13.VIEWR'S VIEWS
       ABOUT DRVSRS     
       DEVELOPMENT   
       COUNTRY
       FACULTY
       FEED BACK
       INNOVATION
       MANAGEMENT
       MOTIVATION
       MUSIC
       NAMES
       PRODUCTIVITY
       PROFESSION
       QUOTATIONS
       SOFTWARE
       STARS
       TOPICS 
       VIEWER'S VIEWS
       WEB CLASSES
 14. KEY-WORDS
        FAQ   A TO Z
       ANIMATIONS
       FLAGS
       HAPPY
       JOKES
       MELODIES
       QUOTATIONS
 15. DR.VSRS
       A. ABOUT 
       B. ACADEMIC
       C. ACHIEVEMENT
       D. ASSIGNMENTS
       E. ASSISTANCE
       E. BOOKS
       F. CDB, BARBADOS
       G. CFTC, LONDON
       H. CONTACT          
        I.  FAMILY TREE
       J.  HOME  
       K. INNOVATIONS
       L. ISO 90001:2000
       M. NOBEL 
       N. PRIME PAPERS
       O. QUALITYAUDITOR
       P. SITE MAP
       Q. SOCIAL WORK
       R. VIEWER'S VIEWS
       S. WORLD TRAVEL       
 16.  CLOSE  

SPECIALITY

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 ANIMATION OF HAPPINESS - CLICK
 JOKES MENU - CLICK    LAUGH
 MATTER SMART - CLICK
 MELODY MENU - CLICK
 PICTURE MENU - CLICK
 QUOTATIONS - CLICK
RECIPES

FEATURES

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 A.  ASSISTANCE
 B.   BOOKS
 F.   
 H.  HELP (FAQ)
  L.    LATEST SITE
  S.  SITE MAP

 ENTERTAINERS

Contact : Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

WORLD WIDE WEB IN MOTION

WINK ON SITE

LOVE AT SITE

SING WITH SITE

DANCE OVER SITE

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

WEB DETAILS

Contact : Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

®.PERSONAL 
Web-Site DESIGNED & MAINTAINED BY Intellectual Consultants.®

ON THE WEB FROM AUGUST 01, 2001

LAST UPDATE

RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT
CENTRE
RePEc  SSRN
Consultant
Expert

3

Contact :   Dr.VSRS
GET
CLICK & GET DRVSRS TOOL BAR
TOOL BAR

GO TO HOME PAGE

CIRCLES MENU CIRCLES
 01.FACULTYSHIPS
      ASSOCIATION
      COLLEGE
      CORPORATE
      GOVERNMENT
      INSTITUTIONS
      PRECAUTIONS
      SCHOOLS
      SOCIETIES
      UNIVERSITIES    
      VIEWER'S VIEWS
      WISDOM  
 02. INNOVATION
      A. BIO-CHEMISTRY
      B. ENMALISP
      C. EXAMPLES
      D. MAIN CONCEPTS
      E. MATHEMATICS
      F.  CATALYST
      G. MUSIC
      H. COLOUR DISC
       I. ORGANIC
      J.  INORGANIC
      K. PHYSICS
      L. STUDIOUS
      M. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 03. MANAGEMENT 
       A. ARTILECT  
       B. BE HAPPY
       C. CONCEPTS
       D. DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY    
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEWS  
          MANAGEMENT
          PRODUCTIVITY

 04. MOTIVATION
      A. ARITHMETIC
      B. BESTPEDAL
      C. EPOCH MAKERS
      D. HANDICAPPED
      E. LEADS FOR
          SELF 
          SOCIAL
      F. SELFMOTIVATION
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCTIVE
      G. SOCIAL
        MOTIVATN
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCIVE
     H. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 05.   MUSIC 
         A. ARABIAN
         B. COLOUR CDs
         C. DIATONIC
         D. EASTERN
         E. INNOVATION
         F. RAGAMS
         G. TEMPERED
         H. VIEWER'SVIEWS
         I.  WESTERN
    -------------------------- 
 05A. HEXOCTAL
         A. ADMIRATION
         B. ARABIC
         C. CODE SET
         D. DIATONIC
         E. ENGLISH
         F. GERMAN
         G. HINDI
         H. KARNATAK
         I . KARNATAK KB
        J. MELODY
        K. PRIMARYRAGAM
        L. PUSHTU
        M. SCOTTISH          
        N.  TEMPERED
        O. URUDU    
        P. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 06.NEWCONCEPTS 
      A. DEVELOPMENT
      B. PHYSICS
 07.PUBLICATIONS    
      A. ARTICLES
          ECONOMICS
          PRODUCTIVITY
          MANPOWER
          MATERIALS
          RESOURCE
          R & D
          TRAINING
      B. BOOKS
      C. REPEC
      D. SSRN  
 08. QUOTATIONS
       A. WORDS
       B. PICTURES  
           ANIMALS
           BIOLOGY
           BIRDS
           BOTANICAL
           BUILDINGS
           FLOWERS
           FRUITS
           HISTORICAL
           INSTITUTIONS
           LANDSCAPES
           MONUMENTS 
           NATURE
           PLANTS
           TRANSPORT
           TREES
            SPORTS
            STARS 
       C. VIEWER'S VIEWS 
 09.SMART
       THOUGHTS 
       A. ALEXANDER
       B. ACHIEVEMENT
       C. ECONOMICS
       D. LION
       E. PHILOSOPHY
       F. SCIENCE
       G. TSUMANI
       H. UNIVERSE
       I. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
       A. ARTILECT        
       B. BUSH
       C. CONCEPTS
       D.  DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY          
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEW   
 11.SOFTWARE (SW)
       A. APPLICATION
       B. ARTILECT 
       C. BOOTING       
       D. CORPORATE
       E. DESIGNS
       F. HARDARE
       G. JOB SW
       H. OP.SYSTEM
       I. ORGANISATIONSW
      J. SW QUALITY
      K. SW UTILITY
      L. UTILITY SW
      M. VIEWER'S VIEW      
 12. STARS & SKY     
       A. ASTRONOMY
       B. CONSTELLATIONS
           INDIAN
           WESTERN
       C. ENMALISP
       D. GREEK ALFA
       E. MID NORTH
       F. NORTH NORTH
       G. STARS
            INDIAN
            WESTERN 
       H. SUN
       I. VIEWER'S VIEW
      J. ZODIAC
 13. VIEWR'SVIEWS
       ABOUT DRVSRS     
       DEVELOPMENT   
       COUNTRY
       FACULTY
       FEED BACK
       INNOVATION
       MANAGEMENT
       MOTIVATION
       MUSIC
       NAMES
       PRODUCTIVITY
       PROFESSION
       QUOTATIONS
       SOFTWARE
       STARS
       TOPICS 
       VIEWER'S VIEWS
       WEB CLASSES
 14. KEY-WORDS
        FAQ   A TO Z
       ANIMATIONS
       FLAGS
       HAPPY
       JOKES
       MELODIES
       QUOTATIONS
 15. DR.VSRS
       A. ABOUT 
       B. ACADEMIC
       C. ACHIEVEMENT
       D. ASSIGNMENTS
       E. ASSISTANCE
       E. BOOKS
       F. CDB, BARBADOS
       G. CFTC, LONDON
       H. CONTACT          
        I.  FAMILY TREE
       J.  HOME  
       K. INNOVATIONS
       L. ISO 90001:2000
       M. NOBEL 
       N. PRIME PAPERS
       O. QUALITY AUDITOR
       P. SITE MAP
       Q. SOCIAL WORK
       R. VIEWER'S VIEWS
       S. WORLD TRAVEL       
 16.  CLOSE  

SPECIALITY

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 ANIMATION OF HAPPINESS - CLICK
 JOKES MENU - CLICK    LAUGH
 MATTER SMART - CLICK
 MELODY MENU - CLICK
 PICTURE MENU - CLICK
 QUOTATIONS - CLICK
RECIPES

FEATURES

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 A.  ASSISTANCE
 B.   BOOKS
 F.   
 H.  HELP (FAQ)
  L.    LATEST SITE
  S.  SITE MAP

 ENTERTAINERS

Contact : Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

WORLD WIDE WEB IN MOTION

WINK ON SITE

LOVE AT SITE

SING WITH SITE

DANCE OVER SITE

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

WEB DETAILS

Contact : Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

®.PERSONAL 
Web-Site DESIGNED & MAINTAINED BY Intellectual Consultants.®

ON THE WEB FROM AUGUST 01, 2001

LAST UPDATE

RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT
CENTRE
RePEc  SSRN
Consultant
Expert

4

Contact :   Dr.VSRS
GET
CLICK & GET DRVSRS TOOL BAR
TOOL BAR

GO TO HOME PAGE

CIRCLES MENU CIRCLES
 01.FACULTYSHIPS
      ASSOCIATION
      COLLEGE
      CORPORATE
      GOVERNMENT
      INSTITUTIONS
      PRECAUTIONS
      SCHOOLS
      SOCIETIES
      UNIVERSITIES    
      VIEWER'S VIEWS
      WISDOM  
 02. INNOVATION
      A. BIO-CHEMISTRY
      B. ENMALISP
      C. EXAMPLES
      D. MAIN CONCEPTS
      E. MATHEMATICS
      F.  CATALYST
      G. MUSIC
      H. COLOUR DISC
       I. ORGANIC
      J.  INORGANIC
      K. PHYSICS
      L. STUDIOUS
      M. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 03. MANAGEMENT 
       A. ARTILECT  
       B. BE HAPPY
       C. CONCEPTS
       D. DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY    
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEWS  
          MANAGEMENT
          PRODUCTIVITY

 04. MOTIVATION
      A. ARITHMETIC
      B. BESTPEDAL
      C. EPOCH MAKERS
      D. HANDICAPPED
      E. LEADS FOR
          SELF 
          SOCIAL
      F. SELFMOTIVATION
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCTIVE
      G. SOCIAL
          MOTIVATN
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCIVE
     H. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 05.   MUSIC 
         A. ARABIAN
         B. COLOUR CDs
         C. DIATONIC
         D. EASTERN
         E. INNOVATION
         F. RAGAMS
         G. TEMPERED
         H. VIEWER'SVIEWS
         I.  WESTERN
    -------------------------- 
 05A. HEXOCTAL
         A. ADMIRATION
         B. ARABIC
         C. CODE SET
         D. DIATONIC
         E. ENGLISH
         F. GERMAN
         G. HINDI
         H. KARNATAK
         I . KARNATAK KB
        J. MELODY
        K. PRIMARYRAGAM
        L. PUSHTU
        M. SCOTTISH          
        N.  TEMPERED
        O. URUDU    
        P. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 06.NEWCONCEPTS 
      A. DEVELOPMENT
      B. PHYSICS
 07.PUBLICATIONS    
      A. ARTICLES
          ECONOMICS
          PRODUCTIVITY
          MANPOWER
          MATERIALS
          RESOURCE
          R & D
          TRAINING
      B.BOOKS
      C. REPEC
      D. SSRN  
 08. QUOTATIONS
       A. WORDS
       B. PICTURES  
           ANIMALS
           BIOLOGY
           BIRDS
           BOTANICAL
           BUILDINGS
           FLOWERS
           FRUITS
           HISTORICAL
           INSTITUTIONS
           LANDSCAPES
           MONUMENTS 
           NATURE
           PLANTS
           TRANSPORT
           TREES
            SPORTS
            STARS 
       C. VIEWER'S VIEWS 
 09. SMART
        THOUGHTS 
       A. ALEXANDER
       B. ACHIEVEMENT
       C. ECONOMICS
       D. LION
       E. PHILOSOPHY
       F. SCIENCE
       G. TSUMANI
       H. UNIVERSE
       I. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
       A. ARTILECT        
       B. BUSH
       C. CONCEPTS
       D.  DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY          
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEW   
 11.SOFTWARE (SW)
       A. APPLICATION
       B. ARTILECT 
       C. BOOTING       
       D. CORPORATE
       E. DESIGNS
       F. HARDARE
       G. JOB SW
       H. OP.SYSTEM
       I. ORGANISATIONSW
      J. SW QUALITY
      K. SW UTILITY
      L. UTILITY SW
      M. VIEWER'S VIEW      
 12. STARS & SKY     
       A. ASTRONOMY
       B. CONSTELLATIONS
           INDIAN
           WESTERN
       C. ENMALISP
       D. GREEK ALFA
       E. MID NORTH
       F. NORTH NORTH
       G. STARS
            INDIAN
            WESTERN 
       H. SUN
       I. VIEWER'S VIEW
      J. ZODIAC
 13. VIEWR'SVIEWS
       ABOUT DRVSRS     
       DEVELOPMENT   
       COUNTRY
       FACULTY
       FEED BACK
       INNOVATION
       MANAGEMENT
       MOTIVATION
       MUSIC
       NAMES
       PRODUCTIVITY
       PROFESSION
       QUOTATIONS
       SOFTWARE
       STARS
       TOPICS 
       VIEWER'S VIEWS
       WEB CLASSES
 14. KEY-WORDS
        FAQ   A TO Z
       ANIMATIONS
       FLAGS
       HAPPY
       JOKES
       MELODIES
       QUOTATIONS
 15. DR.VSRS
       A. ABOUT 
       B. ACADEMIC
       C. ACHIEVEMENT
       D. ASSIGNMENTS
       E. ASSISTANCE
       E. BOOKS
       F. CDB, BARBADOS
       G. CFTC, LONDON
       H. CONTACT          
        I.  FAMILY TREE
       J.  HOME  
       K. INNOVATIONS
       L. ISO 90001:2000
       M. NOBEL 
       N. PRIME PAPERS
       O. QUALITYAUDITOR
       P. SITE MAP
       Q. SOCIAL WORK
       R. VIEWER'S VIEWS
       S. WORLD TRAVEL       
 16.  CLOSE  

SPECIALITY

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 ANIMATION OF HAPPINESS - CLICK
 JOKES MENU - CLICK    LAUGH
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FEATURES

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GO TO HOME PAGE
 A.  ASSISTANCE
 B.   BOOKS
 F.   
 H.  HELP (FAQ)
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CIRCLES MENU CIRCLES
 01.FACULTYSHIPS
      ASSOCIATION
      COLLEGE
      CORPORATE
      GOVERNMENT
      INSTITUTIONS
      PRECAUTIONS
      SCHOOLS
      SOCIETIES
      UNIVERSITIES    
      VIEWER'S VIEWS
      WISDOM  
 02. INNOVATION
      A. BIO-CHEMISTRY
      B. ENMALISP
      C. EXAMPLES
      D. MAIN CONCEPTS
      E. MATHEMATICS
      F.  CATALYST
      G. MUSIC
      H. COLOUR DISC
       I. ORGANIC
      J.  INORGANIC
      K. PHYSICS
      L. STUDIOUS
      M. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 03. MANAGEMENT 
       A. ARTILECT  
       B. BE HAPPY
       C. CONCEPTS
       D. DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY    
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEWS  
          MANAGEMENT
          PRODUCTIVITY

 04. MOTIVATION
      A. ARITHMETIC
      B. BESTPEDAL
      C. EPOCH MAKERS
      D. HANDICAPPED
      E. LEADS FOR
          SELF 
          SOCIAL
      F. SELFMOTIVATION
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCTIVE
      G. SOCIAL
          MOTIVATN
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCIVE
     H. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 05.   MUSIC 
         A. ARABIAN
         B. COLOUR CDs
         C. DIATONIC
         D. EASTERN
         E. INNOVATION
         F. RAGAMS
         G. TEMPERED
         H. VIEWER'SVIEWS
         I.  WESTERN
    -------------------------- 
 05A. HEXOCTAL
         A. ADMIRATION
         B. ARABIC
         C. CODE SET
         D. DIATONIC
         E. ENGLISH
         F. GERMAN
         G. HINDI
         H. KARNATAK
         I . KARNATAK KB
        J. MELODY
        K. PRIMARYRAGAM
        L. PUSHTU
        M. SCOTTISH          
        N.  TEMPERED
        O. URUDU    
        P. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 06.NEWCONCEPTS 
      A. DEVELOPMENT
      B. PHYSICS
 07.PUBLICATIONS    
      A. ARTICLES
          ECONOMICS
          PRODUCTIVITY
          MANPOWER
          MATERIALS
          RESOURCE
          R & D
          TRAINING
      B. BOOKS
      C. REPEC
      D. SSRN  
 08. QUOTATIONS
       A. WORDS
       B. PICTURES  
           ANIMALS
           BIOLOGY
           BIRDS
           BOTANICAL
           BUILDINGS
           FLOWERS
           FRUITS
           HISTORICAL
           INSTITUTIONS
           LANDSCAPES
           MONUMENTS 
           NATURE
           PLANTS
           TRANSPORT
           TREES
            SPORTS
            STARS 
       C. VIEWER'S VIEWS 
 09. SMART  
        THOUGHTS 
       A. ALEXANDER
       B. ACHIEVEMENT
       C. ECONOMICS
       D. LION
       E. PHILOSOPHY
       F. SCIENCE
       G. TSUMANI
       H. UNIVERSE
       I. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 10. SOCIO
        ECONOMIC
       A. ARTILECT        
       B. BUSH
       C. CONCEPTS
       D.  DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY          
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEW   
 11.SOFTWARE (SW)
       A. APPLICATION
       B. ARTILECT 
       C. BOOTING       
       D. CORPORATE
       E. DESIGNS
       F. HARDARE
       G. JOB SW
       H. OP.SYSTEM
       I. ORGANISATIONSW
      J. SW QUALITY
      K. SW UTILITY
      L. UTILITY SW
      M. VIEWER'S VIEW      
 12. STARS & SKY     
       A. ASTRONOMY
       B. CONSTELLATIONS
           INDIAN
           WESTERN
       C. ENMALISP
       D. GREEK ALFA
       E. MID NORTH
       F. NORTH NORTH
       G. STARS
            INDIAN
            WESTERN 
       H. SUN
       I. VIEWER'S VIEW
      J. ZODIAC
 13.VIEWR'S VIEWS
       ABOUT DRVSRS     
       DEVELOPMENT   
       COUNTRY
       FACULTY
       FEED BACK
       INNOVATION
       MANAGEMENT
       MOTIVATION
       MUSIC
       NAMES
       PRODUCTIVITY
       PROFESSION
       QUOTATIONS
       SOFTWARE
       STARS
       TOPICS 
       VIEWER'S VIEWS
       WEB CLASSES
 14. KEY-WORDS
        FAQ   A TO Z
       ANIMATIONS
       FLAGS
       HAPPY
       JOKES
       MELODIES
       QUOTATIONS
 15. DR.VSRS
       A. ABOUT 
       B. ACADEMIC
       C. ACHIEVEMENT
       D. ASSIGNMENTS
       E. ASSISTANCE
       E. BOOKS
       F. CDB, BARBADOS
       G. CFTC, LONDON
       H. CONTACT          
        I.  FAMILY TREE
       J.  HOME  
       K. INNOVATIONS
       L. ISO 90001:2000
       M. NOBEL 
       N. PRIME PAPERS
       O. QUALITYAUDITOR
       P. SITE MAP
       Q. SOCIAL WORK
       R. VIEWER'S VIEWS
       S. WORLD TRAVEL       
 16.  CLOSE  

SPECIALITY

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 ANIMATION OF HAPPINESS - CLICK
 JOKES MENU - CLICK    LAUGH
 MATTER SMART - CLICK
 MELODY MENU - CLICK
 PICTURE MENU - CLICK
 QUOTATIONS - CLICK
RECIPES

FEATURES

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 A.  ASSISTANCE
 B.   BOOKS
 F.   
 H.  HELP (FAQ)
  L.    LATEST SITE
  S.  SITE MAP

 ENTERTAINERS

Contact : Dr.VSRS  
GET
CLICK & GET DRVSRS TOOL BAR
TOOL BAR

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WORLD WIDE WEB IN MOTION

WINK ON SITE

LOVE AT SITE

SING WITH SITE

DANCE OVER SITE

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

WEB DETAILS

Contact : Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

®.PERSONAL 
Web-Site DESIGNED & MAINTAINED BY Intellectual Consultants.®

ON THE WEB FROM AUGUST 01, 2001

LAST UPDATE

RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT
CENTRE
RePEc   SSRN
Consultant
Expert

6

Contact :   Dr.VSRS
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CIRCLES MENU CIRCLES
 01.FACULTYSHIPS
      ASSOCIATION
      COLLEGE
      CORPORATE
      GOVERNMENT
      INSTITUTIONS
      PRECAUTIONS
      SCHOOLS
      SOCIETIES
      UNIVERSITIES    
      VIEWER'S VIEWS
      WISDOM  
 02. INNOVATION
      A. BIO-CHEMISTRY
      B. ENMALISP
      C. EXAMPLES
      D. MAIN CONCEPTS
      E. MATHEMATICS
      F.  CATALYST
      G. MUSIC
      H. COLOUR DISC
       I. ORGANIC
      J.  INORGANIC
      K. PHYSICS
      L. STUDIOUS
      M. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 03. MANAGEMENT 
       A. ARTILECT  
       B. BE HAPPY
       C. CONCEPTS
       D. DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY    
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEWS  
          MANAGEMENT
          PRODUCTIVITY

 04. MOTIVATION
      A. ARITHMETIC
      B. BESTPEDAL
      C. EPOCH MAKERS
      D. HANDICAPPED
      E. LEADS FOR
          SELF 
          SOCIAL
      F. SELFMOTIVATION
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCTIVE
      G. SOCIAL
          MOTIVATN
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCIVE
     H. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 05.   MUSIC 
         A. ARABIAN
         B. COLOUR CDs
         C. DIATONIC
         D. EASTERN
         E. INNOVATION
         F. RAGAMS
         G. TEMPERED
         H. VIEWER'SVIEWS
         I.  WESTERN
    -------------------------- 
 05A. HEXOCTAL
         A. ADMIRATION
         B. ARABIC
         C. CODE SET
         D. DIATONIC
         E. ENGLISH
         F. GERMAN
         G. HINDI
         H. KARNATAK
         I . KARNATAK KB
        J. MELODY
        K. PRIMARYRAGAM
        L. PUSHTU
        M. SCOTTISH          
        N.  TEMPERED
        O. URUDU    
        P. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 06. NEW-CONCEPTS 
      A. DEVELOPMENT
      B. PHYSICS
 07.PUBLICATIONS    
      A. ARTICLES
          ECONOMICS
          PRODUCTIVITY
          MANPOWER
          MATERIALS
          RESOURCE
          R & D
          TRAINING
      B. BOOKS
      C. REPEC
      D. SSRN  
 08. QUOTATIONS
       A. WORDS
       B. PICTURES  
           ANIMALS
           BIOLOGY
           BIRDS
           BOTANICAL
           BUILDINGS
           FLOWERS
           FRUITS
           HISTORICAL
           INSTITUTIONS
           LANDSCAPES
           MONUMENTS 
           NATURE
           PLANTS
           TRANSPORT
           TREES
            SPORTS
            STARS 
       C. VIEWER'S VIEWS 
 09. SMART
       THOUGHTS 
       A. ALEXANDER
       B. ACHIEVEMENT
       C. ECONOMICS
       D. LION
       E. PHILOSOPHY
       F. SCIENCE
       G. TSUMANI
       H. UNIVERSE
       I. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
       A. ARTILECT        
       B. BUSH
       C. CONCEPTS
       D.  DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY          
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEW   
 11.SOFTWARE (SW)
       A. APPLICATION
       B. ARTILECT 
       C. BOOTING       
       D. CORPORATE
       E. DESIGNS
       F. HARDARE
       G. JOB SW
       H. OP.SYSTEM
       I. ORGANISATIONSW
      J. SW QUALITY
      K. SW UTILITY
      L. UTILITY SW
      M. VIEWER'S VIEW      
 12. STARS & SKY     
       A. ASTRONOMY
       B. CONSTELLATIONS
           INDIAN
           WESTERN
       C. ENMALISP
       D. GREEK ALFA
       E. MID NORTH
       F. NORTH NORTH
       G. STARS
            INDIAN
            WESTERN 
       H. SUN
       I. VIEWER'S VIEW
      J. ZODIAC
 13. VIEWR'S VIEWS
       ABOUT DRVSRS     
       DEVELOPMENT   
       COUNTRY
       FACULTY
       FEED BACK
       INNOVATION
       MANAGEMENT
       MOTIVATION
       MUSIC
       NAMES
       PRODUCTIVITY
       PROFESSION
       QUOTATIONS
       SOFTWARE
       STARS
       TOPICS 
       VIEWER'S VIEWS
       WEB CLASSES
 14. KEY-WORDS
        FAQ   A TO Z
       ANIMATIONS
       FLAGS
       HAPPY
       JOKES
       MELODIES
       QUOTATIONS
 15. DR.VSRS
       A. ABOUT 
       B. ACADEMIC
       C. ACHIEVEMENT
       D. ASSIGNMENTS
       E. ASSISTANCE
       E. BOOKS
       F. CDB, BARBADOS
       G. CFTC, LONDON
       H. CONTACT          
        I.  FAMILY TREE
       J.  HOME  
       K. INNOVATIONS
       L. ISO 90001:2000
       M. NOBEL 
       N. PRIME PAPERS
       O. QUALITYAUDITOR
       P. SITE MAP
       Q. SOCIAL WORK
       R. VIEWER'S VIEWS
       S. WORLD TRAVEL       
 16.  CLOSE  

SPECIALITY

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 ANIMATION OF HAPPINESS - CLICK
 JOKES MENU - CLICK    LAUGH
 MATTER SMART - CLICK
 MELODY MENU - CLICK
 PICTURE MENU - CLICK
 QUOTATIONS - CLICK
RECIPES

FEATURES

Contact :  Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE
 A.  ASSISTANCE
 B.   BOOKS
 F.   
 H.  HELP (FAQ)
  L.    LATEST SITE
  S.  SITE MAP

WEB DETAILS

Contact : Dr.VSRS  

GO TO HOME PAGE

®.PERSONAL 
Web-Site DESIGNED & MAINTAINED BY Intellectual Consultants.®

ON THE WEB FROM AUGUST 01, 2001

LAST UPDATE

RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT
CENTRE
RePEc   SSRN
Consultant
Expert

7

Contact :   Dr.VSRS
GET
CLICK & GET DRVSRS TOOL BAR
TOOL BAR

GO TO HOME PAGE

CIRCLES MENU CIRCLES
 01.FACULTYSHIPS
      ASSOCIATION
      COLLEGE
      CORPORATE
      GOVERNMENT
      INSTITUTIONS
      PRECAUTIONS
      SCHOOLS
      SOCIETIES
      UNIVERSITIES    
      VIEWER'S VIEWS
      WISDOM  
 02. INNOVATION
      A. BIO-CHEMISTRY
      B. ENMALISP
      C. EXAMPLES
      D. MAIN CONCEPTS
      E. MATHEMATICS
      F.  CATALYST
      G. MUSIC
      H. COLOUR DISC
       I. ORGANIC
      J.  INORGANIC
      K. PHYSICS
      L. STUDIOUS
      M. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 03. MANAGEMENT 
       A. ARTILECT  
       B. BE HAPPY
       C. CONCEPTS
       D. DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY    
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEWS  
          MANAGEMENT
          PRODUCTIVITY

 04. MOTIVATION
      A. ARITHMETIC
      B. BESTPEDAL
      C. EPOCH MAKERS
      D. HANDICAPPED
      E. LEADS FOR
          SELF 
          SOCIAL
      F. SELFMOTIVATION
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCTIVE
      G. SOCIAL
           MOTIVATN
          EXAMPLES
          DESTRUCIVE
     H. VIEWER'S VIEWS

 05.   MUSIC 
         A. ARABIAN
         B. COLOUR CDs
         C. DIATONIC
         D. EASTERN
         E. INNOVATION
         F. RAGAMS
         G. TEMPERED
         H. VIEWER'SVIEWS
         I.  WESTERN
    -------------------------- 
 05A. HEXOCTAL
         A. ADMIRATION
         B. ARABIC
         C. CODE SET
         D. DIATONIC
         E. ENGLISH
         F. GERMAN
         G. HINDI
         H. KARNATAK
         I . KARNATAK KB
        J. MELODY
        K. PRIMARYRAGAM
        L. PUSHTU
        M. SCOTTISH          
        N.  TEMPERED
        O. URUDU    
        P. VIEWER'S VIEWS
 06. NEW
       CONCEPTS 
      A. DEVELOPMENT
      B. PHYSICS
 07.PUBLICATIONS    
      A. ARTICLES
          ECONOMICS
          PRODUCTIVITY
          MANPOWER
          MATERIALS
          RESOURCE
          R & D
          TRAINING
      B. BOOKS
      C. REPEC
      D. SSRN  
 08. QUOTATIONS
       A. WORDS
       B. PICTURES  
           ANIMALS
           BIOLOGY
           BIRDS
           BOTANICAL
           BUILDINGS
           FLOWERS
           FRUITS
           HISTORICAL
           INSTITUTIONS
           LANDSCAPES
           MONUMENTS 
           NATURE
           PLANTS
           TRANSPORT
           TREES
            SPORTS
            STARS 
       C. VIEWER'S VIEWS 
 10. SOCIOECONOMIC
       A. ARTILECT        
       B. BUSH
       C. CONCEPTS
       D.  DETAILS
       E. INDIRA GANDHI
       F. NOBEL
       G. POLI-FINANCE
       H. SLIDE SHOW
       I. SUMMARY          
      J. SUPPORTS
      K. VIEWER'S VIEW   
 11.SOFTWARE (SW)
       A. APPLICATION
       B. ARTILECT 
       C. BOOTING       
       D. CORPORATE
       E. DESIGNS
       F. HARDARE
       G. JOB SW
       H. OP.SYSTEM
       I. ORGANISATIONSW
      J. SW QUALITY
      K. SW UTILITY
      L. UTILITY SW
      M. VIEWER'S VIEW      
 12. STARS & SKY     
       A. ASTRONOMY
       B.CONSTELLATIONS
           INDIAN
           WESTERN
       C. ENMALISP
       D. GREEK ALFA
       E. MID NORTH
       F. NORTH NORTH
       G. STARS
            INDIAN
            WESTERN 
       H. SUN
       I. VIEWER'S VIEW
      J. ZODIAC
 13.VIEWR'S VIEWS
       ABOUT DRVSRS     
       DEVELOPMENT   
       COUNTRY
       FACULTY
       FEED BACK
       INNOVATION
       MANAGEMENT
       MOTIVATION
       MUSIC
       NAMES
       PRODUCTIVITY
       PROFESSION
       QUOTATIONS
       SOFTWARE
       STARS
       TOPICS 
       VIEWER'S VIEWS
       WEB CLASSES
 14. KEY-WORDS
        FAQ   A TO Z
       ANIMATIONS
       FLAGS
       HAPPY
       JOKES
       MELODIES
       QUOTATIONS
 15. DR.VSRS
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                                                         FROM VIEWER'S VIEWS                                                         
  I enjoyed your statement that "Science innovates ideas. But, it does not provide
  any  idea about the end use of its innovation" -  Gunacheela Singham
  The best example for the lack of control of the end use by the contributing science    faculty is
  the Atomic Bomb episode of World War 2 -  DR.VSRS

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   GO  TO : 01. Central Role of Economics 
                          Nobel prizes : 1969, 1970, 1972, 1974 (Shared for Contradictory Theories).
                          1977, 1979, 1986, 1987,  2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,  2004
                          2005, 2006  (Economics, Peace), 2007 , 2008 , 2009
                     02. Philosophy initiates Science  03. Science Formats the Philosophy
                     04. Philoso-Scientific warrier ( Alexander ). Oliver Stone's Film "Alexander"
                     05. Arithmetic of Achievemen    06. Why Lion is the King of the Forest ? 
                     07. Secrets of the Universe  ( Yajur Vedham )
                     08. Tsunami - 2004 : A Smart Review
                                     «Kalyani»      { Viewer's Views }     THIS-BOOK
                        DO YOUKNOW YOUR ZODIAC NUMBER ? ► ZONU
==================================================================
                                                                     PREFACE
Smart Thought is a generalised approach to state something new, with a mixture of Motivation and Innovation. The statements made should be innovative, original and thought provoking. But at the same time, it should also have the required dosage of a matter of public interest, adequate reasoning and logical derivations, preferably supported with diagrammatic representations as well as Audio/Visual presentation supports. Anybody who reads / sees it should feel that the matter and derivations are of value to the human life and practical utility to the society and the nation. Like scientific statements, they need not have any experimental proof for their validity, because Smart Thoughts belong to the Faculty of Arts, than Science. But the statements made in Smart Thoughts could initiate and lead towards a scientific research at a later point of time.
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           01. CENTRAL ROLE OF ECONOMICS IN THE CURRENT MILLENNIUM

Dictionary Meaning of Economics
Branch of Science that deals with the Production, Distribution, Consumption and Services and their Management

Science innovates new ideas. But it does not provide any idea about the end-use of the innovation. Engineering makes a design to convert the ideas into useful products. But it cannot foresee the methodology to manufacture these products. Technology prepares a process to manufacture these designs into products of utility, and sets the supply quantum. But the products becomes useful only if it is within the means of the people to buy, utilise and get some expected advantages.  This decides the demand quantum. The Science to relate the Demand with the Supply is Economics.

The foundation for modern   Economics was initiated in 1776 by Adam Smith (1723 - 1790, Edinburgh, UK) through his paper  "An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of the Nation". He postulated the theory that Labour is the only source of national wealth, and investment in productive powers of labour is essential.  He emphasized the need to have the division of labour, importance of  individual enterprises, and the benefits of free trade .  From then, the dimensions of Economics expanded towards a methodology to direct and decide the formation of wealth, their distribution and the impact on social welfare. 

Also, after the 2nd World War (1939 to 1945) many war strategies became beneficially usable for peace-time production and distribution management in the form of Operations Research.  This technique converts any requirement into a mathematical model with an objective or target function, and sets the equalities / inequalities for the constraints and limitations within which the objective or targets are to be reached. Then the problem is solved algebraically, with Optimisation of favourable aspects and Minimisation of unfavourable elements. The final result is then interpreted into implementable decisions. Economic Science has adopted this mathematical modeling into the application concepts as  Econometrics .

In 1969, Quantitative synthesis of the national economy to isolate the important factors and their effects by means of a set of definitions and equations  was introduced by the (First) Nobel Laureates in Economic Science, Jan Tinbergen (1903 - 1994. Netherlands School of Economics, Rotterdam, Netherlands) and Ragnar Frisch (1895 - 1973. Oslo University, Oslo, Norway). They developed and applied a dynamic model for the analysis of the economic processes, through the dimension of Econometrics.

The 1970 Nobel prize award winner in the area of   Economic Science, Paul. A. Samuelson (1915. MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) was known as the father of economics for "the scientific work through which he developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed towards raising the level of analysis in economic science".

In 1972, John.R.Hicks (1904-1989, All Souls College, Oxford, UK) and Kenneth.J.Arrow (1921, Harvard University, USA), were the Nobel prize Winners for Pioneering Contributions to the General Economic Equilibrium Theory and Welfare Theory.

In 1974 Gunnar Mydral (sweden. 1898 - 1987) and Friedrich August Von Hayak (UK. Vienna, Austria. 1889 - 1992) shared the Nobel Prize for their "Theory of Money and Economic Fluctuations and their Penetrating analysis of Inter dependence of Economic, Social and Industrial Phenomena". It is interesting to note that they shared the prize by enunciating contradictory concepts in the area of the award. Myrdal has usually advocated reforms of a radical and unconventional kind (As an institutional economist, I am compelled to conceive of development as a movement of a whole political, social and economic system and having tried to deal with the problems in a world setting), whereas Hayek has looked for ways of enhancing the viability of a liberal, individualistically orientated social system (We know, of course, with regard to the market and similar social structures, a great many facts which we cannot measure and on which indeed we have only some very imprecise and general information). But Both targeted the same Concept in Economics, through divergent approaches .
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(Source : http://nobelprize.org/economics/laureates/1974/presentation-speech.html)
 Professors Myrdal and Hayek both began their careers with important contributions in pure economic theory. Myrdal has, above all by directing his attention mainly to social problems (in the widest sense), especially as regards the negro question in the U.S.A. and the poverty of the underdeveloped countries, attempted to integrate economic analysis with a high measure of attention to social, demographic and institutional conditions. Hayek has extended his field of interest so as to take in the legal framework of the economic system and psychological-philosophical questions concerning the way in which individuals, organizations and different social systems work. Both scholars have shown a dominating interest in problems of economic policy, including possible changes in the organizational, institutional and legal structure of society. Here Myrdal has usually advocated reforms of a radical and unconventional kind, whereas Hayek has looked for ways of enhancing the viability of a liberal, individualistically orientated social system. These politically-coloured differences, however, are altogether subordinated to a common attitude towards social science research: the conviction that the major socio-economic questions of our time cannot be fully understood without an interdisciplinary broadening of the range of problems studied as well as of the methodology applied.... Myrdal's ideas and research results have been of importance for the public debate on underdeveloped countries...Hayek attempted to penetrate more deeply into cyclical interrelations than was usual during that period by bringing considerations of capital and structural theory into the analysis....The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has therefore decided to award the Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel for 1974 in equal shares to Professor Gunnar Myrdal and Professor Friedrich August von Hayek for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.   
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 In 1977, the Nobel Prize was awarded to  Bertil Ohlin (1899-1979, Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden) and  James.E.Meade (1907, Cambridge University, UK). They  provided a Path Breaking contribution to the Theory of International Trade and International Capital Movements.

In 1979, W.Arthur.Lewis (UK/USA) of St.Lucia (1915-1991), Emeritus Professor, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA, and former President of the Caribbean Development Bank (A World Bank and UNDP set up for Regional Development), Barbados, West Indies, along with T.W.Schultz  of USA (1902) were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Science. They pioneered the research into Economic Development with particular consideration to the problems of the Developing Countries. The author of this site (DR.VSRS) was a close associate of Professor Lewis in the University of West Indies, Barbados campus, during 1982 to 1986.  By furthering his research model, the author has published an unique application of Geometry to the area of Economic Science (See "Accelerate Your Socio-Economic Developement" in this Website). 

1986 Nobel prize was awarded to James M. Buchanan Jr. (1919, USA) for his “development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making”. He inferred that if politics to mirror more accurately that set of results preferred by those who participate "Improvement" must be sought in the reforms process. It is possible to evaluate politics independently of results only by ascertaining the degree of correspondence between the rules of reaching decisions and the unique rule that would guarantee "efficiency". If "efficiency" is acknowledged to be the desired criterion, again as interpreted here, normative improvement in process is measured by movement toward the unanimity requirement. It is useful to note that Wicksell's (Swedish economist Knut Wicksell 1851–1926) proposals in terms of "justice" rather than "efficiency" suggests the precise correspondence of these two norms in the context of voluntary exchange. Normatively, the task for the constitutional political economist is to assist individuals, as citizens who ultimately control their own social order, in their continuing search for those rules of the political game that will best serve their purposes.

The research publication “Redefined Productivity concept and Socio-economic development oriented Management Decision” by the author (DR.VSRS) in this Website, Algebraically establishes the methodology to setup a criteria to measure the “Efficiency and Justice". It is  through a broad based "Productivity" approach.  Their contribution “to assist individuals, as citizens who ultimately control their own social order” as pointed out by James.M.Buchanan Jr, are through the evaluation of the management decision with reference to the broad based productivity definition as well as priority criteria to the intangible forces. 

In 1987, Robert.M.Solow (1924, USA) was awarded the Nobel prize in economics for his paper "Growth Theory and After".  According to his theory "A developing economy that succeeds in permanently increasing its saving (investment) rate will have a higher level of output than if it had not done so, and must therefore grow faster for a while. But it will not achieve a permanently higher rate of growth of output. More precisely: the permanent rate of growth of output per unit of labor input is independent of the saving (investment) rate and depends entirely on the rate of technological progress in the broadest sense.

Furtherance of this development models of Arthur Lewis (1979) and Robert Solow (1987), through a Geometric approach by DR.VSRS establishes the fact that  an economy can accelerates the rate of development/growth by increasing the domestic savings.  This  domestic savings should be used for domestic investments (even though a foreign source to start with,  to make the nation self-reliant - Exogenous Circle). Secondly the growth rate is accelerated by adopting the latest technological methods, modified to suit the domestic environments and manned by domestic manpower - Endogenous Circle. Synchronise the 2 circles and upgrade their diametric dimension. (See "Accelerate Your Socio-Economic Developement" in htis Website). 
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Contributions in the current millennium.
In  2000, the Nobel Laureate James.J.Heckman (1944. University of Chicago, USA) developed a theory and model for analysing selective samples. Also the joint Nobel Laureate  Daniel.L.McFadden (1937. University of California, Berkeley, USA) developed a theory and a method for analysing discrete choices.
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A well functioning economy is utmost importance for the welfare of any society. The effective base for such a functioning is the market information. In 2001, the methodology to analyse the market with asymmetric (one-sided) information was established by the Nobel Laureates in Economic Science, George.A.Ackerlof (1940. University of California, Berkley, USA),  A.Michael Spence (1943. Stanford University, USA) and Joseph.E.Stiglitz (1943. Columbia University, USA). The basis of this analysis bridged the gap between some of the factual information exclusively known to the buyers (or customers), and other factual information exclusively known to the sellers  (or service providers).
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The Nobel concepts of 2002 in the area of Economic science are the "Integrated insights from Psychological research to Economic science, especially concerning human judgement and decision making under uncertainty" by Daniel Kahneman (1934,  Israel, Princeton University, NJ, USA) and "Establishment of laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially the study of alternative market mechanisms" by Vernon.L.Smith (1927, George Madison University, Fairfax, VA, USA).
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In 2003, the Nobel prize was awarded for streamlined analysis of complex Economic trends. Clive.W.J.Granger (UK, 1934) of the University of California, USA, invented the methods for analysing Economic time-series with common trends. Also   Robert.F.Engle (USA, 1942) of New York University, USA,   innovated the methods to analyse Economic Time Series with Time-varying Volatility (unpredictable or emotional in nature).
 =======================================================================
Year 2004 Nobel prize in Economic science were awarded to Finn.E.Kydland (1943, Norway, Tepper School of Business & University of California, USA) and Edward.C.Prescott (1940, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis & Arizona State University USA) for their contribution to the "Dynamic Macro-economics relating to Time consistency of Economic Policy and Driving Forces behind the Business Cycle".
 =======================================================================
2005 Nobel Laureates are Robert J. Aumann (1930. German), Center for Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel and Thomas C. Schelling (1921. USA), Department of Economics and School of Public Policy, University of Maryland,College Park, MD, USA, “for having enhanced the understanding of conflict and cooperation through the game-theory and analysis”.
This strikes a similarity of behaviour and analysis strategy in "Bagavath Geetha". According to Bagavat Geetha “Human beings are psychological dolls in this world. Motivated by their environment and worldly attachments, they play the game of  indulging   in conflict (enmity) or being in cooperation (friendship).  It is a game  enunciated and moderated by the Lord. From an individual level, it is aggregated towards  the social groups and then cumulated towards a nation. This decides the Peace or War situation in the world and the universe”. Hence, the game theory is the right application concept to analyse the activity of  conflict and cooperation, from a micro-economic individual level to a macro-economic international and universal level.
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2006 Nobel Laureate is Edmund.S.Phelps (1933 USA) for his analysis of the short and long time  tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy. Phelps showed how the possibilities of stabilisation policy in the future depend on today's policy decisions. Low inflation today leads to expectations of low inflation also in the future, thereby facilitating future policy making. This Nobel analysis jives with the prime doctrines in "Artha Sasthra". The ruler of a large empire in India during the 4th Century BC was Chandra Guptha Maurya. He had a Politico-Economic  adviser by name “Kautilya”, He was also known as “Chanakya”. He created a Economics strategy manual called “Artha Sasthra” with 15 Chapters, 380 sanskrit versus and 4968 rules. Probably this could be the earliest book in the theory of administrative economics, for a ruler. According to Chanakya, “Today’s  economic thoughts serves  as a  food for the development strategy, spreads and trades off for the Current century. How is a King with a given ruling strategy, is reflected  on the disciplines of the citizens. The available economic power at any point of time decides  the economic development of that period”. (In Sanskrit, “Yatha Dhivasa Yojana, Thatha Kalpa Bojana. Yatha Rajaaha, Thatha Prajaaha. Yathah Sakthihi Thatha Vridhdhihi”).

It is interesting to find that an Economic activity can lead to the peace and prosperity of a nation. Nobel Peace prize – 2006  was awarded to  Mohammad younus (Bangla Desh 1940) and his Grameen (Village oriented) bank, for their efforts to create economic and social development from below. As per his nobel nominatio speech "Men often spend the money on themselves. But women spend it on the family. The bank's practice has meant a social revolution in Bangladesh. One of the borrowers, Mazeda Begum, has put it like this : 'My parents gave me the birth, but Grameen Bank gave me a life'. In today's terminology, micro-credit is indeed "female empowerment", the fight against poverty and for social and economic development. Mohammad Younus has shown himself to be a leader who has managed to turn visions into practical action for the benefit of millions of people, not only in Bangladesh but also in many other countries. There are now micro-credit programs in nearly one hundred countries all over the world, including Norway. Loans to poor people, most often women, without any financial security had appeared to be an impossible idea. From modest beginnings three decades ago, Younus was first and foremost, through Grameen Bank, developed the micro-credit into an ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty". This directly supports the author's concept for "Socio-Economic Development Acceleration". Domestic savings have to be utilised for domestic investment, even though an external source is used to start with, like Grameen bank. Domestic manpower should be trained and utilised to use the latest technology, moderated to suit the domestic conditions {The appropriate support example is Zorimon Nessa and her venture (with a little training) to provide international phone call facility to the villagers (remote locations without proper roads, electricity and communication facilities), using a mobile. Soon this provided enough money to pay her dowry and schooling for her child !!}.
=======================================================================
2007 Nobel Prize in Economics was jointly awarded to Leonid Hurwicz (1917,  Russia/USA) , Eric.S.Maskin (1950, USA) , and Roger.B.Myerson (1951, USA) for having laid the foundations of “Mechanism design theory”.  It has greatly enhanced the  understanding of the properties of optimal allocation mechanisms while  accounting for individual incentives and private information. The theory allows  to distinguish situations in which markets work well, from those in which they do not. It has helped economists identify efficient trading mechanisms, regulation schemes and voting procedures. Today, mechanism design theory plays a central role in many areas of economics and parts of political science. (NOTE : In economics and game theory, "mechanism design" is the study of designing rules of a game or system to achieve a specific outcome, even though each agent may be self-interested. This is done by setting up a structure in which agents have an incentive to behave according to the rules. The resulting mechanism is then said to implement the desired outcome. The strength of such a result depends on the solution concept used in the rules.)
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2008 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Professor Paul Krugman (US 1953), for his new theory answering the Patterns of trade and Location and what are the effects of free trade and globalization and what are the driving forces behind worldwide urbanisation ? He has integrated the previous research fields of international trade and economic geography. Traditional trade theory assumes that countries are different and explains why some countries export agricultural products whereas others export industrial goods. The new theory clarifies why worldwide trade is in fact dominated by countries which not only have similar conditions, but also trade in similar products – for instance, a country such as Sweden that both exports and imports cars. This kind of trade enables specialisation and large-scale production.  This results in lower prices and a greater diversity of commodities. Economies of scale combined with reduced transport costs also help to explain why an increasingly larger share of the world population lives in cities and why similar economic activities are concentrated in the same locations. Lower transport costs can trigger a self-reinforcing process whereby a growing metropolitan population gives rise to increased large-scale production, higher real wages and a more diversified supply of goods. This, in turn, stimulates further migration to cities. Krugman's theories have shown that the outcome of these processes can well be that regions become divided into a high-technology urbanized core and a less developed "periphery".
 ======================================================================
 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Dr. Elinor Ostrom (1933, USA)  and Dr. Oliver E. Williamson  (1932, USA). for their findings that economic transaction is universal from markets to the house holds. Economic transactions take place not only in markets, but also within firms, associations, households, and agencies. Whereas economic theory has comprehensively illuminated the virtues and limitations of markets, it has traditionally paid less attention to other institutional arrangements. The research of Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson demonstrates that economic analysis can shed light on most forms of social organization.
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Current Span of Economic science.
In this millennium, the area of Economics covers a vast area to direct the Costing, Pricing, Economy in Production , Warehousing, Distribution, Marketing plus many more areas. Hence the Economics in the current millennium has developed into a science to bridge the gap between an idea or product and the ultimate consumers for the same.

As a result, now the Economic Science engulfs all the area of Commerce, Management and all the area in End-user relations. The following schematic shows the intrinsic relationship between the Science, Engineering, Technology, Economics, Psychology and Sociology. Also it  establishes the central role of economics in binding all these faculties to function in a continuous cycle, through a simple consumer product - Match Box. 
 Econcent

The initial raw match boxes made with White Phosphorous,  starts and functions in the cycle route "A"  from the 1. Science and ends in "6. Sociology".

The Sociological feed-back "A" from  user groups, initiates the necessary action from Science to develop "Safety Match Boxes" using Red Phosphorous,  and functions in the cycle route "B"  from the 1. Science and ends in "6. Sociology". This cyclical process is continued (C, D, E etc..) and resulted in today's wax coated long burning matches, electronic lighters etc... 

In this cycle 1 to 3 are the Supply functions and 5, 6 are the Demand functions. These two are linked, moderated and cyclically activated by 4, the Economics, the critical,  crucial and central function.  

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02. PHILOSOPHY  INITIATES SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH  

Dictionary Meaning of Philosophy
A belief or system of beliefs accepted as authoritative by a group. The rational of investigation and questioning about the existence,
knowledge and their ethics.

As the millennium progress forward, human generation changes. But each human generation is wiser and more knowledgeable than the previous generation. It is because of the advancement in the Philosophy of the population and the associated expectations from the Science.

In the early ages, science was in the domain of certain intellectuals. But now it has taken a service  dimension towards the philosophy of the world population groups. They set the guidelines and direct the pattern of the scientific research and development.

The following schematic demonstrates how a philosophy of the national policy makers can initiate a scientific research chain.  As well as they control their end-use by initiating another serial research chain in the management science area, to meet another philosophy pertaining towards the welfare of the population. This is shown in the following schematic

phiscien

In this schematic, the scientific research in the area of Agriculture, Botany, Chemical and Geophysics (4 areas) are initiated by the Philosophy -1, targeted towards "Food for all". But the findings of the scientific research are not implementable unless everybody is afford the outcome. Hence Philosophy -2 initiates another series of management research in all the 4 areas. The gross effect of all these 8 research ends in ultimate National Welfare.

However, the Philosophy cannot produce any result and implement any solution on a stand-alone basis. It needs the assistance of science to research and develop the necessary methodology. Hence "Philosophy without Science is Blind", as it cannot see the light and fruits of the concepts, for which the science is needed.

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03. SCIENCE FORMATS THE PHILOSOPHY 

Dictionary Meaning of Science
Any domain or knowledge accumulated by a systematic study and organised by general principles. Ability to question, research and produce solutions in some problem area or domains unknown so far.

The human generation has progressed and has reached the "internet" and "inter space" age, because of the continuous  Scientific development from the dawn of human race, till the current millennium. But every step in science leads to an equally advancing step in the philosophy of the human race. In fact, the utility of any scientific advancement is controlled and directed by the philosophy of the people in the world. The following schematic using the discovery of atomic power, shows the possible philosophical branches, as observes in this world.

sciphil

The basic philosophy of science to do research and development has resulted in finding the atomic power. But the science, as the finder and author do not have any control on the end-use of the finding.  Each group of people in the world, who are afford to use the findings of science, decide the end-use, motivated by their philosophy. It could be of 4 different forms as destructive, neutral, constructive or foresighted.

Hence "Science without Philosophy is lame", because the efforts put in,  cannot take off, move forward and result in some thing tangible. Depending on the direction of the philosophy, it could result in an useful or malice after effect.

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BI-POWER SWORD OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT

PHILOSO-SCIENTIFIC WARRIOR - ALEXANDER THE GREAT

01. INTRODUCTION (ALEXANDER)
AlexanderFLAG OF ANCIENT MACEDONIA the great (356 - 323 BC), born in Pella, King of Macedonia in Greece, was a conqueror of Persian Empire and many parts in Asia, was one of the great military genius of all times, in the history. He was the son of Philip II (359-336 BC) and Lady Olympus. Achilles (The mightiest of the Greeks who fought in the Trojan War, and was the hero of Homer's Iliad) and Hercules (A Greek Hero) were his ancestors. [Ancient Macedonian flag had The 16 pointed Sun of Kutleš, (Vergina), symbol of the ancient Macedonian dynasty].
At the age of 20 (336 BC) he took the throne of Macedonia. Within 2 years, he embarked on a campaign of conquest with 30,000 foot soldiers, 6000 Cavalry Engineers, Architects, Historians and Scientists. Defeated the Persian Empire in 331 BC and swept through the West Asia Minor and towards South. Destroyed the City of Tyre in July 332 BC. During the Summer 327 BC and Winter 326 BC he crossed the Hindukush mountain through Khyber pass, with 40,000 Men supported by Auxiliary services and 12,000 cavalry. Then he Crossed the Indus river and fought with the Indian Monarch Porus having 25,000 Men and 200 Elephants. Porus surrendered to him in 326 BC. At the age of 32 years and 8 months, he fell the victim of Malarial fever and died on June 323 BC.  GO TOP  THIS-BOOK   DO YOUKNOW YOUR ZODIAC NUMBER ? ► ZONU

02. PHILOSO-SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND (ALEXANDER)
Alexander learned both Philosophy and Science and applied them in combination. His philosophical blend are from his native Greek as well as those he learned from the countries he visited and conquered. He combined the practical doctrines of the following

  • Aristotle (384 - 322 BC). Aristotle was a great Greek Philosopher and Scientist,
    He was the tutor to Alexander at the age of 13 during 343 BC, and taught him Medicine, Philosophy and Science. {Aristotle was the student of Socrates (470-399 BC), who was the student  of Plato (428 - 347 BC), all accredited and un-comparable generation of philosophers in the ancient world}.

  • Eschatology (Egyptian discourses about the end of Life and after that. Philosophy gained from his birth location)

  • Zoroastrianism (Philosophy of ancient Persia. Gathered and Learned during his invasion of the Persian Empire, during 331 BC)

  • Indian Philosophy(Philosophy of ancient India. Gathered and Learned during his invasion of the Indian Empire, during 326 BC).

02A. FOUNDATIONS (ALEXANDER)
02A.01 ARISTOTLE'S TEACHINGS (ALEXANDER IN GREECE)
Aristotle's principles are more Biological biased. The unique concepts of Aristotle are the  Syllogism (deriving conclusions from 2 or more formats of analysis and reasoning) and Epistemology (Philosophical theory of Knowledge). Aristotle taught Alexander that the world is made of individual substances (both animate and in-animate) occurring in fixed natural kinds (species), with a specific pattern of development and functioning towards a proper self-realisation as a specimen of its unique type. The Growth, Purpose and directions are built by the Nature. These substances find their existence in particular individual patterns, from the nature as a guide-line or philosophical formalism. The science, studies these general kinds and fixes them in a tested formulae, through the observations and experience. The formalism (rational deduction) and the empiricism (observation and experience) cannot function in individual domains. Hence Philosophy and Science should balance in the universe. According to the Aristotle's "New Motion of Causality", each thing or event has 4 explanatory causes :-

  • Material Cause : Matter out of which things are made. (Man is made of tissues and organisms. A statue is made of Marble).

  • Efficient Cause : Source of motion generation or changes occurring. (The hereditary of a Man. The sculptor who made the statue).

  • Formal Cause : The species, kind and type. (The species of Man's origin. The shape of a statue).

  • Final Cause : The development and purpose of the specimen intended to function and perform. (Man grows and learns to work, live and function towards the development of his next generation. Statue becomes a piece of fine art to appeal to the senses and appreciation of the people).

02A.02 PRINCIPLE OF SOCRATES (ALEXANDER IN GREECE)
These were the concept enunciated by Socrates, the teacher of Aristotle.

  • Think and Evaluate Yourself  first.

    • Before any action or reaction, one should think about himself, analyse, understand, evaluate and decide the self capacity, capability, strong /weak points, and then plan the pattern of action. Accordingly, one should plan the formation of the social support groups, methodology of work and strategy to go forward. This also includes the self thoughts about wrong actions performed, when matters go wrong.

  • Don't Run through Life so fast that you forget not only where you have been, but where you are going.
    This is an extension of the above self-evaluation. Calm, properly timed and careful thoughts and approaches are the prime need in life to succeed and become great.

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02B. DOMESTIC STUDIES (ALEXANDER)

Alexander deeply studied and understood the stone age old Eschatology in Egypt, during his Domestic Training,  which emphasized on the following :-

02B.01. BODY & MIND (EGYPTIAN) (ALEXANDER IN EGYPT)

  • Functioning of the Mind is purely spiritual in essence, and it is independent of the body. It has no Beginning or End.Body and formative infrastructures of all animate objects has a Beginning and an End.

Man gets likes / dislikes, peace / angry etc.. motivated by his mind and not by his physical powers. Man can think about the possibilities not achievable by his body and physique. Everybody has a psychological and physical age, independent of each other. Even though a man is paralysed, sleeping and unconscious, his mind continues to think and remains in its own domain.All species in the world have born, and have to die one day.

02B.02. RIGHT & WRONG (ALEXANDER IN EGYPT)

  • Belief in judgment after death is essential to control the standards of the Right and Wrong.

Men are selfish and biased towards his own species. Control and fear from an external source is necessary to view and implement justification to all concerned.

02B.03. ASTRONOMY (ALEXANDER IN EGYPT)

  • Prolonged observation of the Sky, Planetary systems and the Solar movements are the basic needs for the proper functioning of the mankind. Recording and analysing the events connected with the origin of the universe and recurrence (repeating events) are considered as a tool for the proper functioning of the mankind, during the life time and as a Soul after death.

Environment is an essential infrastructure for continued living and well being. Hence a watch on the celestial occurrences and changes are essential to plan and adjust for continued existence and living. Man as a living being has to adjust and continue with all the occurrence in the universe and effects on Earth. When a man dies, something which kept him as an animate object has departed. The departed component is a Soul, an unique and wholesome representation of each individual. Eventhough the mortal remains of man has mutilated, the departed Soul has to adjust and continue with all the occurrence in the universe and function in any alien location. In order to protect the interest of every individual while living and thereafter, the study of the total universe and the recurrences are essential.

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 02C. SOUTHERN DOCTRINES. (ALEXANDER)

When Alexander traveled south and captured the Persian Empire in 331 BC, he collected and studied the ancient Persian philosophy which existed in the name of Zoroastrinism.

02C.01. EVIL & GOOD (ALEXANDER IN PERSIA)

  • People have to choose between good and evil in the world, and balance between both.

It is impossible to locate any region on the Earth with exclusive existence of the Good events or exclusive domination of the Evil events. Also Good and Evil are relative to a given situation and environment. One has to evaluate the status of occurrence of the Evil or Good and choose a balanced approach, at every point of time.

02C.02. FIRE (ALEXANDER IN PERSIA)

  • Fire is the Prime energy source. Preserve and Worship the Fire in their distinctive formations.

Among the various energy forms, Fire is a directly and freely available energy. It has an unique capability to function as a central and key component to initiate, moderate and induct the utility of all other formats of energy. Fire is basically a blend of Heat and Light energy in combination.

Fire as a heat can do the following :-

  1. Cook the food and help the survival of the human species.

  2. Destroy any structure and environment to make way for space and living.

  3. Evaporate the sea and lakes to generate the clouds, which in turn assists the growth, development and survival of all Earthly species.

  4. The water when heated, can provide steam to generate mechanical and   electrical energy.

Fire as a Light provides the following :-

  1. Removes darkness and makes things visible.

  2. Light and heat go together and they are inter changeable.

  3. Light is the unique energy existing in different colour formats, and they can combine to form an infinite colour patters.

  4. When light falls on any object, it is scattered and carries the properties of the scattered object.

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02D. SOUTH-EASTERN SUPPORTS. (ALEXANDER)

During his period in India in 326 BC, he took the team of Philosophers and Scientists to collect and organise the Meta-physical concepts (Analysis with reasoning), Ontology (Study of existence), Yoga (Blending and Synchronising the functions of the Body and Mind - See 02D.06 below) and Ayurvedha (Nature cure techniques - See 02D.07 Biology & Botany below) of Indian philosophy :- The following greatly appealed to the senses of Alexander through his visits to India :-

02D.01. BASIC ELEMENTS. (ALEXANDER IN INDIA)

  • Everything in the universe is made of 5 basic elements, namely Air, Earthly matter, Fire (Heat), Electro-magnetic power and Water.

Man breaths the Air, has bones/flesh of solid Matter, has to maintain a body Temperature, possesses Electro-magnetic thinking ability and continues to live with the support of Water by drinking as well as through blood circulation.

  • Air when joins with  any other matter in gaseous, liquid or solid form, it
     keeps it's  identity unique and  separate (Atmosphere is a mixture of
    innumerable gases. Every living species breath the air and leaves it out).
    {Maintain Your Individual Characteristics when you are mixed with a     
      Heterogeneous  Group}

  • Earthly matter (Solid) provides the necessary infrastructure, keeping its
    own properties (Bones, Flesh etc..)
    {Be solid and Straight forward to continue your survival on a long-term
      basis} 

  • Heat (Fire) absorbs any other matter, burns and converts them into it's
    own properties (Digestion of food. Fire destroys all other matter and
    absorbs them into it's own characteristics).
    {Absorb and convert the needed characteristics to your own, when you
      come across different acceptable Personalities or Materials}

  • Electro-Magnetic energy remains with it's own unique identity and activates other matters (Lightening, Nervous system etc....)
    {Be a Leader and Activate, Motivate and indoctrinate your aims and characteristics into the Worldly Environments and Infrastructure}

  • Water acquires the characteristics of joining matters
    (Like colour, taste etc..) {Mix and Mingle with Intellectuals, Prime characteristic materials and Environments to Convert / Possess them as your own}

02D.02. CHARACTERISTICS. (ALEXANDER IN INDIA)

  • Every species in the universe is made and oriented to function within the frames of reference of 4 basic functional characteristics namely Acquisition for self, Ethics, Fulfilling the desires and a Goal.

If a man has to survive and progress, he has to Acquire certain basic needs for himself, take options between what to do and not to do, and formulate certain Ethical standards to comfortably live and pull-on with a social group, act towards the achievement of his self-motivations and desires, and possess ambitions to reach certain attainments or Goals in the life, before his death.
Note : This is in synchronisation with the Aristotle's   "New Motion
          of Causality", which defined as, each thing or event has 4
          explanatory causes.
Material Cause   : Self and acquisition of basic needs.
Efficient Cause    : Continued Survival and Options of Do's and Don't-Do's.
Formal Cause       : Individual in Social Groups. 
Final Cause          : Attainment of Goals in Life

02D.03. DUTY & GOD. (ALEXANDER IN INDIA)

  • One should do his duty and leave the results and offspring to the God.

A man acts motivated by certain expectations. But the result is controlled by many unknown probabilities of uncontrollable factors and environments. Hence he should look forward, and be prepared to meet the end-result, whether favourable or not, and take it as a given final result by a super natural control factor of these unknowns, namely the God.

02D.04. GOD & MATTER (ALEXANDER IN INDIA)

  • Every Matter contains God and God possesses every Matter.

All matters, animate or in-animate, keep their forms, hereditary / historical anatomy,  behaviours and continue to produce, survive and perish in a fixed cyclical pattern, not designed by them, but by a Super natural power, namely the God. Hence Godliness is existing in every Matter. The effect of the aggregate existence and continued survival of a Super natural power in every Matter in a Micro level, has to arithmetically converge and support the fact that God has all these components, in a Macro level.

02D.05. POSSESSIONS. (ALEXANDER IN INDIA)

  • You think you posses every thing you acquire. But nothing belongs to you.

Every living being in the world acquire many things and relationships, to satisfy their aspirations and ego. But when the mortal body dies, it cannot carry any of its possessions or relations to any immortal location. The Self and the possessions / relationships are two separate entities.

02D.06. MIND & BODY (Yoga). (ALEXANDER IN INDIA)

  • Mind and Body are two independent entities. One should Optimise and synchronise the functions of both.

Every animate matter has two distinct components, namely the Mind and the Body. Mind through its Electro-magnetic power, controls the body to function and continue to survive. Body provides the needed components to the continued existence and survival of the Mind. It is possible that Body can provide certain selected components to the Mind, to sharpen its electro magnetic powers and synchronise it with the power in the Universe. Conversely it is possible to orient the Mind to provide certain selected electro magnetic induction to the Body, to tune it towards certain extra-ordinary powers, extracted from the universe. Body orienting the Mind is similar to a coil inducting magnetism into a piece of iron or any other Ferro-magnetic material, when electric current is passed through the coil. Mind orienting the body is similar to the induction of magnetism or flow of electricity, by a magnet to any other iron bar or Ferro-magnetic materials or coil. Mind functions on electro-magnetic induction an it is possible to synchronise and tune its functions and capabilities, with the Static Electric energy prevalent in all over the universe by feeding the proper ingredients.

02D.07. BIOLOGY & BOTANY (Ayurvedham) (ALEXANDER IN INDIA)

  • Biology and Botany are complementary in Nature

The entire functions of any animate species in the universe can be grouped into 3 primary functions as Digestive System, Nervous System and Respiratory System. In order to support these functions,  the nature (universe) has created he following in the Botanical domain :-

  1. The food, oils and air mixture in the atmosphere, for the digestive, nervous and respiratory systems respectively.

  2. Anti toxins to cure the ill effects of food, unwanted reactions of the oils and neutralising components for air pollution.

  3. Stimulators to activate and optimise the digestive absorption of the food, smoothening / effective the functioning of the nerves and congenial gaseous mixtures.

All living species (both biological and botanical) are made of proteins, which are poly peptide chains of the cells. The cells are made of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) having the genetic information of each species. These genetic codes are transmitted to cytoplasm in a cell by RNA (Ribonucleic acid) which controls the chemical process, generates the the cell's growth in a pre-set pattern. Basically these are hexagonal link patterns of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Calcium and Phosphorus.

In the biological domain, these proteins perform the Gastrointestinal functions in the Digestive system, Sympathetic (Involuntary nervous reactions during emergency) and Para Sympathetic (normal unconscious breathing, blood circulation, auto secretion of digestive fluids etc..) functions in the Nervous system.

The needs, stimulants and anti-toxins required for these systems are available in the botanical species which originate, grow and survive through similar  cell patterns and proteins. The imperative need for the survival of the biological species is "Oxygen". They breath Oxygen and give out the "Carbon-di-oxide". As a supplement, the botanical species breath Carbon-di-oxide and give out Oxygen. Hence the biological and botanical species are complementary to act other for each others survival.

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 03. GREATNESS BY PHILOSO-SCIENTIFIC UTILITY. (ALEXANDER)

A product or Technique can be utilised for self-advantage. But can Philosophy, which is a theoretical frame-work, be applied for any practical gain? Alexander the Great is an outstanding example for such an utility. He grouped each philosophical guideline into different application brackets as Environment, External, Self Applications, Universal Occurrences, Utilities on-line. At every point of his life and missions, he chose the correct philosophical optional combinations and applied the guideline. The following schematic summarises such analysis and the offspring.
ALEXANDER PROFILE
See Philosophical points : 02A to 02D above. (ALEXANDER)

  • Environment components were his guidelines to frame his strategies to win the wars at alien locations.

  • He carefully and precisely used the External elements for proper direction, time and methodology of his attacks.

  • He believed that he is in a mission, motivated by the God for the good of his people and not for his Self-gains and sharpened both his Body and Mind towards the achievement of his targets and goals. When he was asked "To whom you leave the Kingdom", Alexander replied "To the Strongest and Best".

  • He set his ethical standards and relationships with all people as well as his enemies during the war, that he has to function as per the good and Godliness in his unified body and soul,  and believed that there will be Judgment for all his actions at an unknown future time, set by the Universal domain.

  • He optimally utilised all the resources at his disposal by proper selection and   application towards an end-result.

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04. REFERENCES  (ALEXANDER)

  1. Self study on Alexander the Great, Analysis and Development.

  2. Studies and Notes on Ancient Egyptian Astronomical systems by my (Late) father Gopalasamudram.S.Viswathan.

  3. Intrnet References : www.1stmuse.com / www.chuckiii.com /   www.encarta.msn.com / www.forthnet.com / www.isodore-of-serville.com www.mb.soft.com / www.questia.com / www.wiessortment.com
    ============================================================

  4. OLIVER STONE'S "ALEXANDER" EXTRACTS FROM THE FILM.
    SOURCE : Grand Cinema. Publisher : Gulf Films LLC. November 2004.
    Special Edition - Alexander Issue " Exclusive Souvenir" Book.
    ======================================================
    WRITER/DIRECTOR     : Oliver Stone (Won 3 Academy Awards. Nominated for 11).
    CAST     : Alexander - Colin Farrell. Aristotle - Christopher Plummer.
                 Ptolemy         - Eliot Cowan.                      

    ALEXANDER THE GREAT STILLS
    ALEX THE GREAT POSTER ALEX IN GROUP ALEX WITH THE TEAM
    DESERT FRONT     ALEX ON VICTORY MOVE ALEX - GREAT VIEWS

The Beauty of Alexander was that he won. He was the greatest warrior of all time, greater than Achilles (The mightiest of the Greeks who fought in the Trojan War, and was the hero of Homer's Iliad) and Herakles (Hercules the Greek Hero)- Oliver Stone.
How can I tell you what it was like to be young ? To dream big dreams, and to believe when Alexander looked you in the eye, you could do anything - anything ! In his presence, by the light of Apollo, we were better than ourselves -  Ptolemy in Alexander.
Oliver is more Alexander than I could hope to be - Colin Farrell.
Alexander's accomplishments were astonishing by any standards. His empire included-either partially or in their entirety-lands which now comprise the countries of Greece, Albania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Egypt, Libya, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and India. By the time of his death, it comprised 2 Million square miles. He has been the subject of an enormous body of written works, historical, fictive psychological and even practical, as indicated by two recently published books, which translate Alexander’s military strategy into a guide for modern businessman.
Making of the Alexander : The steps involved the Assembling of  the Cast, Forging an Ancient Army, Rebuilding the Ancient World, Dressing for the Ages and Leading them onto a New World.
Other Events : From Spain, Ricardo Cruz Moral brought 4 identical Friesians (breed animals), huge, stalwart and incredibly noble black horses, which seemed to step right out of ancient frescoes (paintings) with their long, silky manes and royal postures. Cruz Moral and his crew trained the 4 horses (by name Anefan, Bonze, Taberban and Ulbe) in different specialities, and Colin Farrell would ride all of them throughout the filming. "Alexander's horse was an extension of his spirit".  The need for 30 elephants was another crucial factor in a ferocious forest battle between Macedonian and Indian forces. And nowhere in the world are there better trained or more loved elephants than in Thailand. "They were amazing" Oliver Stone would later enthuse of his pachydermic (mountain mammals) thespians (performer). "It really seemed as if they were enjoying themselves, and their discipline was extraordinary".

BI-POWER SWORD OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT
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TWINS 05.  A R I T H M E T I C    O F   A C H I E V E M E N T  QUESTION

Anybody  can acquire the methodology for Innovation, Motivation or Smart Thoughts through many methodologies. But ultimately one should achieve something as a result of these acquisition.

Let us evaluate the Positive Tools for such achievement through a Numerical Analysis ! ! !

  1. Assign the number 1 to 26, to the alphabets A through Z chronologically.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S